Background: A new type of pneumonia MESHD caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 MESHD (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in Wuhan, China. However, the risk factors and characteristics related to the severity of the disease and its outcomes need to be further explored.Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated COVID-19 MESHD patients with severe disease and those who were critically ill, as diagnosed at Jinyintan Hospital (Wuhan, China). The demographic information, clinical characteristics, complications, and laboratory results for the patients were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyze risk factors related to hospital deaths.Results: The 235 COVID-19 MESHD patients included were divided into a severe group of 183 (78%) and a critical group of 52 (22%). Of these patients, 185 (79%) were discharged, and 50 (21%) died during hospitalization. In multivariate logistic analyses, age (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.14, P=0.009), critical disease MESHD (OR=48.23, 95% CI 10.91-323.13, P<0.001), low lymphocyte counts (OR=15.48, 95% CI 1.98-176.49, P=0.015), elevated interleukin 6 HGNC ( IL-6 HGNC) (OR=9.11, 95% CI 1.69-67.75, P=0.017), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase ( AST HGNC) (OR=8.46, 95% CI 2.16-42.60, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for adverse outcomes.Conclusions: The results show that advanced age (> 64 years), critical illness, low lymphocyte levels, and elevated IL-6 HGNC and AST HGNC were factors for the risk of death for COVID-19 MESHD patients who had severe disease and those who were critically ill.

Background: Since December of 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-induced pneumonia MESHD ( COVID-19 MESHD) exploded in Wuhan, and rapidly spread throughout China. Patients with COVID-19 MESHD demonstrated quite different appearances and outcomes in clinical manifestations. We aimed to figure out whether risk factors of the cystatin C HGNC (CysC) and the CysC rangeability are influencing the prognosis of COVID-19 MESHD patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus MESHD ( T2DM MESHD).Methods: 675 T2DM MESHD patients and 602 non- T2DM MESHD patients were divided into low CysC group, high CysC group and low CysC rangeability group, high CysC rangeability group according to the serum CysC level and the change range of CysC. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and laboratory results of the four groups were collected and analyzed.Results: Our data showed that COVID-19 MESHD patients with high CysC level and CysC rangeability had more organic damage MESHD and higher mortality rate compared to those with low level or low rangeability of CysC. Furthermore, patients with higher CysC level and CysC rangeability also demonstrated higher blood lymphocytes (lymph), C-reactive protein HGNC (CRP), alanine aminotransferase HGNC (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase ( AST HGNC) which may greatly influence disease progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19 MESHD. After adjusting for possible confounders, multivariate analysis revealed that CysC≤0.93mg/dl as a reference, CysC＞0.93mg/dl were significantly associated with the risk of heart failure MESHD (OR=2.401, 95% CI: 1.118–5.156) and all-cause death MESHD (OR=2.734, 95% CI: 1.098-6.811); referring to CysC rangeability≤0, CysC rangeability＞0 significantly associated with all-cause death MESHD (OR=4.029, 95% CI: 1.864-8.706). Further grouped by T2DM MESHD, these associations were stronger in T2DM MESHD than in non- T2DM MESHD.Conclusions: It suggests that CysC level and CysC rangeability contribute to clinical manifestations and may influence the prognosis of COVID-19 MESHD. The CysC is considered as a potential risk factor of the prognosis of COVID-19 MESHD. Special medical care and appropriate intervention should be performed in COVID-19 MESHD patients with elevated CysC during hospitalization and later clinical follow-up, especially for those with T2DM MESHD.

Background SARS-CoV-2 could infect people at all ages, and the viral shedding and immunological features of children COVID-19 MESHD patients were analyzed.Methods Epidemiological information and clinical data were collected from 35 children patients. Viral RNAs in respiratory and fecal samples were detected. Plasma of 11 patients were collected and measured for 48 cytokines.Results 40% (14/35) of the children COVID-19 MESHD patients showed asymptomatic infections, while pneumonia MESHD shown by CT scan occurred in most of the cases (32/35, 91.43%). Elevated LDH, AST HGNC, CRP HGNC, neutropenia MESHD, leukopenia MESHD, lymphopenia MESHD and thrombocytopenia MESHD occurred in some cases, and CD4 HGNC and CD8 HGNC counts were normal. A total of 22 cytokines were significantly higher than the healthy control, and IP-10 HGNC, IFN-α2 HGNC of them in children were significantly lower than the adult patients. Meanwhile, MCP-3 HGNC, HGF HGNC, MIP-1α HGNC, and IL-1ra HGNC were similar or lower than healthy control, while significantly lower than adult patients. Viral RNAs were detected as early as the first day after illness onset (d.a.o) in both the respiratory and fecal samples. Viral RNAs decreased as the disease progression and mostly became negative in respiratory samples within 18 d.a.o, while maintained relatively stable during the disease progression and still detectable in some cases during 36~42 d.a.o. Conclusion COVID-19 MESHD in children was mild, and asymptomatic infection was common. Immune responses were relatively normal in children COVID-19 MESHD patients. Cytokine storm also occurred in children patients, while much weaker than adult patients. Positive rate of viral RNAs in fecal samples was high, and profile of viral shedding were different between respiratory and gastrointestinal tract.

Background: This study aims to analyze the changes and significance of organ function indices in patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 MESHD ( COVID-19 MESHD) pneumonia MESHD for prediction of major organ damages and guiding treatment schemes. Methods: 63 patients with severe COVID-19 MESHD pneumonia MESHD were selected as the severe group and 73 patients with mild syndromes were selected as the mild group. SAS9.4 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: Levels of ALT, AST HGNC, cTnI HGNC, Cr, PT, APTT and D-DIC of the severe group were significantly higher while PLT was lower than those of the mild group. The data of all quantitative variables were converted into categorical variables. Significantly higher levels of AST HGNC, ALB HGNC, D-DIC and higher proportion of bilateral lung involvement were observed from the severe group comparing to those in the mild group, while the difference in the other indices between the two groups was insignificant in statistical perspective. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the levels of multiple organ function indices between the severe group and the mild group of patients with COVID-19 MESHD pneumonia infection MESHD. Through examining the relevant indices, conditions of patients’ multiple organ function damage could be predicted and used as guidance of treatment.

Introduction Coronavirus Disease ( COVID-19 MESHD) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection MESHD. Indonesia officially established the first COVID-19 MESHD confirmation case in early March 2020. East Kalimantan has been determined as a candidate for the new capital of Indonesia since 2019. This makes Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda as the largest hospital there has been designated as the main referral hospital for COVID-19 MESHD patients in East Kalimantan. We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of these patients. Methods All patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 MESHD by RT-PCR were admitted to Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital in Samarinda. We retrospectively collected and analyzed data on patients with standardized data collection from medical records. Results By May 8, 2020, 18 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 MESHD. Most of the infected MESHD patients were men (16 [88.9%] patients); less than half had underlying diseases (7 [38.9%] patients). Common symptoms at the onset of illness were cough (16 [88.9%] patients), sore throat (8 [44.4%] patients), and fever MESHD (8 [44.4%] patients). Laboratory findings of some patients on admission showed anemia MESHD. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase ( AST HGNC) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were increased in 10 (55.6%) of 18 patients. On admission, abnormalities in chest x-ray images were detected in 6 (33.3%) patients who had pneumonia MESHD. The mean duration from the first hospital admission to discharge was 33.1 days. Discussion The majority of COVID-19 MESHD patients are male. COVID-19 MESHD comorbidities were found in several patients. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 MESHD in this study were cough MESHD, sore throat, and fever MESHD. The abnormal laboratory finding in COVID-19 MESHD patients is anemia MESHD, an increase in AST HGNC and ALT levels, and chest x-ray images of pneumonia MESHD. All patients are in mild condition. The average length of hospital admission patients to discharge is more than 30 days. Conclusion Although all patients are in mild condition, the inability of a local laboratory to check for positive confirmation of COVID-19 MESHD makes the admission period of the patient in the hospital very long. The availability of RT-PCR tests at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda will greatly assist the further management of COVID-19 MESHD patients.

Background: This study aims to analyze the changes and significance of organ function indices in patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 MESHD ( COVID-19 MESHD) pneumonia MESHD for prediction of major organ damages and guiding treatment schemes.Methods: 63 patients with severe COVID-19 MESHD pneumonia MESHD were selected as the severe group and 73 patients with mild syndromes were selected as the mild group. SAS9.4 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.Results: Levels of ALT, AST HGNC, cTnI HGNC, Cr, PT, APTT and D-DIC of the severe group were significantly higher while PLT was lower than those of the mild group. The data of all quantitative variables were converted into categorical variables. Significantly higher levels of AST HGNC, ALB HGNC, D-DIC and higher proportion of bilateral lung involvement were observed from the severe group comparing to those in the mild group, while the difference in the other indices between the two groups was insignificant in statistical perspective.Discussion: There are significant differences in the levels of multiple organ function indices between the severe group and the mild group of patients with COVID-19 MESHD pneumonia infection MESHD. Through examining the relevant indices, conditions of patients’ multiple organ function damage could be predicted and used as guidance of treatment.

Background: To describe the clinical characteristics and the time of nucleic acid turning negative in patients with common type Corona Virus Disease MESHD 2019( COVID-19 MESHD) pneumonia MESHD and analyze the treatment time and prognostic factors.Methods: It’s a retrospective analysis of 72 cases of common type COVID-19 MESHD pneumonia MESHD diagnosed by nucleic acid test and Computed tomography (CT).Results: The average time of nucleic acid test turning negative is 17.37±9.29 days, and the average treatment time was 23.74±8.06 days. There was no influence of Blood leukocyte count, Neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein HGNC ( CRP HGNC), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase ( AST HGNC), creatinine, D-dimer on the prognosis of the patients, whether univariate or multivariate logistic regression analysis. By χ2 test of the drugs and prognosis, we found that oseltamivir may have an impact on the prognosis of patients (P<0.05), while other drugs have no significant impact on the prognosis of patients. Through the correlation analysis, we found that age, the admission temperature, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, CRP HGNC were positively correlated with the treatment time of the patients (both P<0.05). Leukocyte count and neutrophil count were positively correlated with the time of nucleic acid test turning negative (both P<0.05).Conclusions: Age, the admission temperature, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, CRP HGNC were positively correlated with the treatment time of the patients. Leukocyte count and neutrophil count were positively correlated with the time of nucleic acid test turning negative. Oseltamivir may have an impact on the prognosis of patients, but the detailed role needs further study.

Background: The new coronavirus pneumonia MESHD ( COVID-19 MESHD) has evolved into a global pandemic disease, and the epidemiological characteristics of the disease have been reported in detail. However, many patients with new coronary pneumonia MESHD have comorbidities, and there are few researches reported in this special population. Methods: a retrospective analysis was performed on 132 consecutive COVID-19 MESHD patients with comorbidities from January 19, 2020 to March 7, 2020 in Hubei NO.3 People Hospital. Patients were divided into mild group and critical group and were followed up to the clinical endpoint. The observation biomarkers include the clinical feature, blood routine, blood biochemistry, inflammation MESHD biomarkers, and coagulation function. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with death MESHD. Results: 132 patients were enrolled in this study and divided into the mild group (n=109, 82.6%) and critical group (n=23, 17.4%), of whom 119 were discharged and 13 were died in hospital. The all-cause mortality rate was 9.8%, of which 7 patients died of respiratory failure MESHD, 5 patients died of heart failure MESHD, and 1 patient died of chronic renal failure MESHD. There was significant statistical difference of mortality rates between the mild group (5.5%) and the critical group (30.4%).The average time of hospitalization was 16.9 (9, 22) days. Hypertension MESHD was the most common comorbidity (n=90, 68.2%), followed by diabetes MESHD (n=45, 34.1%), coronary heart disease MESHD (31, 23.5%). Compared with the mild group, the patients were older in critical group (P <0.05), and neutrophils, neutrophil ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum urea nitrogen (BUN), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein CRP), serum amyloid protein ( SSA HGNC), N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-pro BNP) were significantly increased (P <0.05). However, lymphocytes lymphocyte ratio, albumin were lower than those in the critical group (P <0.05). The patients were further divided into the survivor group (n=119, 90.2%) and the non-survivor group (n=13, 9.8%). Compared with the survivor group, the death rate of patients with coronary heart disease MESHD was significantly increased (53.8% vs 20.2%), and The neutrophil ratio, aspartate aminotransferase ( AST HGNC), BUN, PCT, CRP HGNC, SAA, interleukin-6 HGNC( IL-6 HGNC) and D-dimer were significantly increased (P <0.05), while the lymphocytes and NLR reduced (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the past medical history of coronary heart disease MESHD[OR:2.806 95%CI:0.971~16.795], decreased lymphocytes[OR:0.040, 95%CI:0.001~2.306], increased AST HGNC[OR:1.026, 95%CI:1.000~1.052], increased SSA HGNC[OR:1.021, 95%CI:1.001~1.025], and increased D-dimer[OR:1.231, 95%CI:1.042~1.456] are risk factors associated with death MESHD in COVID-19 MESHD patients pneumonia MESHD with comorbidities. Conclusion: The mortality rate of COVID-19 MESHD patients with coronary heart disease MESHD is relatively high. In all patients, the lower lymphocytes, and higher NLR, BUN, PCT, CRP HGNC, SSA HGNC, D-dimer are significant characteristics. The past medical history of coronary heart disease MESHD, decreased lymphocytes, increased AST HGNC, SSA HGNC and D-dimer are risk factors associated with death MESHD in COVID-19 MESHD pneumonia MESHD patients with comorbidities

Background: In December 2019, a cluster of coronavirus Disease MESHD coronavirus Disease 2019 MESHD ( COVID-19 MESHD) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. With the advent of the Chinese Spring Festival, this disease spread rapidly throughout the country. The information about the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 MESHD patients outside of Wuhan is limited.Methods: All of the patients with confirmed COVID-19 MESHD were admitted to the First Hospital of Changsha City, the designated hospital for COVID-19 MESHD assigned by the Changsha City Government. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics, data of laboratory, radiological picture, treatment, and outcomes records of 201 COVID-19 MESHD patients were collected using electronic medical records.Results: This study population consisted of 201 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 MESHD in Changsha by April 28, 2020. The median age of the patients was 45 years (IQR 34–59). About half (50.7%) of the patients were male, and most of the infected MESHD patients were staff (96 [47.8%]). Concerning the epidemiologic history, the number of patients linked to Wuhan was 92 (45.8%). The most common symptoms were fever MESHD (125 [62.2%]), dry cough MESHD (118 [58.7%]), fatigue MESHD (65 [32.3%]), and pharyngalgia (31 [15.4%]). One hundred and forty-four (71.6%) enrolled patients showed bilateral pneumonia MESHD. Fifty-four (26.9%) patients showed unilateral involvement, and three (1.5%) patients showed no abnormal signs or symptoms. The laboratory findings differed significantly between the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and non-ICU groups. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU MESHD patients had depressed MESHD white blood cell (WBC), neutrocytes, lymphocytes, and prolonged prothrombin time (PT). Moreover, higher plasma levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein HGNC ( CRP HGNC), procalcitonin (PCT), alanine aminotransferase (ALA), aspartate aminotransferase ( AST HGNC), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), creatinine (CREA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected in the ICU group.Conclusions: In this single-center study of 201 COVID-19 MESHD patients in Changsha, China, 22.4% of patients were admitted to ICU. Based on our findings, we propose that the risk of cellular immune deficiency MESHD, hepatic injury MESHD, and kidney injury MESHD should be monitored. Previous reports focused on the clinical features of patients from Wuhan, China. With the global epidemic of COVID-19 MESHD, we should pay more attention to the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients outside of Wuhan.

Background: Patients with intrahepatic cholestasis MESHD of pregnancy (ICP) may present with slight liver damage MESHD. In the global outbreak, the number of pregnant women infected with coronavirus disease 2019 MESHD ( COVID-19 MESHD) is increasing. For the pregnant patients with ICP, COVID-19 MESHD may cause severe liver damage MESHD.Case presentation: A 31-year-old pregnant woman was admitted with fever MESHD and respiratory symptoms to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan amid the outbreak of COVID-19 MESHD. Her chest CT scan showed an infection with viral pneumonia MESHD as multiple ground glass opacities in both lungs were spotted. Laboratory tests revealed increased white blood cell (WBC) count and decreased lymphocyte count. The levels of serum total bile acid (TBA) were highly elvated. So were the indices of liver function, including alanine aminotransferase HGNC (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase ( AST HGNC), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), 𝛄-glutamyltranspeptidase (𝛄-GT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The patient was later diagnosed of COVID-19 MESHD with comorbid ICP, presenting severe li ver damage. MESHDThrough timely termination of pregnancy and effective treatments, the prognoses of the patient and the fetus were well improved.Conclusions: This case highlights that COVID-19 MESHD may be a risk factor of severe li ver damage f MESHDor patients with ICP.Timely termination of pregnancy and effective symptomatic treatments are helpful to improve the progonosis.