Objective  This study aims to evaluate the relationships between viral clearance and blood biochemical index of 94 discharged patients with COVID-19 MESHD infection in Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, enrolled from Jan 5 to Feb 13, 2020.Methods  The clinical, and laboratory findings were extracted from the electronic medical records of the patients. The data were analysed and reviewed by a trained team of physicians. Information on clinical symptoms and signs, medical treatment, virus clearance and laboratory parameters including interleukin 6 ( IL-6 HGNC) and C-reactive protein HGNC ( CRP HGNC) were collected.Results   COVID-19 MESHD mRNA clearance ratio was identified significantly correlated with the decline of serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Furthermore, COVID-19 MESHD mRNA clearance time was positively correlated with the length of hospital stay in patients treated with either IFN-α + lopinavir/ritonavir or IFN-α + lopinavir/ritonavir+ ribavirin.Conclusions  Therapeutic regimen of IFN-α+lopinavir/ritonavir and IFN-α + lopinavir/ritonavir + ribavirin regimens might be beneficial for treatment of COVID-19 MESHD. Serum LDH or CK decline may predict a favorable response to treatment of COVID-19 MESHD infection.

Aims: Corona virus disease MESHD 2019 ( COVID-19 MESHD) has rapidly become the most severe public health issue all over the world. Despite respiratory symptoms, hepatic injury MESHD has also been observed in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors involved with hepatic injury MESHD in the patients with COVID-19 MESHD. Methods: A total of 85 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 MESHD in Beijing Youan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to liver function, they were divided into ALT normal group (n=52) and ALT elevation group (n=33). Clinical features and laboratory data were compared between the two groups. The independent risk factors for liver injury MESHD were analyzed. Results: There were 33 patients with hepatic injury MESHD in our study, accounting for 38.8% (33/85). The patients in ALT elevation group were older than those in ALT normal group. The levels of lactic acid, CRP HGNC, myoglobin, and neutrophils were significantly higher in ALT elevation group. The lymphocytes and albumin were significantly lower in ALT elevation group. The proportion of severe and critical patients in ALT elevation group was significantly higher. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed CRP HGNC [≥]20 mg/L and lymphocyte count< 1.1*10^9/L were independently related to hepatic injury MESHD. Conclusions: Lymphopenia MESHD and CRP HGNC may serve as the risk factors related to hepatic injury MESHD in patients with COVID-19 MESHD, which might be related to inflammatory cytokine storm in liver injury MESHD. Early detection and timely treatment of hepatic injury MESHD in patients with COVID-19 MESHD are necessary.

Purpose To study the clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, radiological changes and treatments of 6 patients with severe SARS-Cov-2 infected pneumonia MESHD in Zunyi City, China.MethodsThe clinical data, laboratory examination, radiological changes and clinical treatment process of 6 patients with severe SARS-Cov-2 infected pneumonia MESHD admitted to the Department of Critical Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.Results Four of the six patients were older than 65 years. Two patients had a history of exposure to Wuhan, and four patients had family clustering infection. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were dry cough MESHD (4, 66%) and fever MESHD (4, 66%). Laboratory tests showed that white blood cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein HGNC, IL-6 HGNC, IL-10 HGNC, and urea nitrogen elevated. The Total lymphocyte count and T lymphocyte count decreased. All patients received antiviral therapy, blood purification, immunomodulatory therapy, and Chinese herb treatments. One patient was discharged from the hospital, and 5 patients' condition improved significantly. ConclusionT lymphocyte decreased significantly, IL-6 HGNC and IL-10 HGNC elevated in severe SARS-Cov-2 infected pneumonia MESHD patients. Elderly patients with comorbidities appear to be more severe and to recover more slowly. Blood purification can be tried for severe and critically ill MESHD patients. Early identification and timely treatment of critical cases is of crucial importance. 

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming City, and to study the correlation between nutritional status and immune function. Methods: Clinical data of 36 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in isolation area of Kunming Third People's Hospital from January 31 to February 15, 2020 were collected, and the basic situation, clinical characteristics, laboratory examination and CT imaging characteristics were analyzed. Serum albumin HGNC ( ALB HGNC), prealbumin (PAB), hypersensitive c-reactive protein HGNC (hs-crp), CD3T cells, CD4T cells, CD8T cells and normal control group were analyzed. A simple linear regression analysis of the relationship between proalbumin and T cell subpopulation counts in the blood of patients. Results: (1) The patients with new coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming were mainly of common type. (2) 50% of the patients' first symptoms were fever and cough; (3) The total number of white blood cells in peripheral blood was normal or decreased in 23 cases (79%), and the lymphocyte count decreased in 5 cases (13.89%), without anemia. Hypersensitive c-reactive protein HGNC increased in 19 (52.78%) cases, and procalcitonin increased in 1 case. Albumin decreased in 5 cases (13.89%), proalbumin decreased in 15 cases (41.67%), alanine transaminase increased slightly in 4 cases (11.11%), alanine transaminase increased slightly in 4 cases (11.11%), total bilirubin increased slightly in 11 cases (30.56%), and renal function and blood coagulation were normal. Absolute value of CD3+T cells is with a decrease in 21 cases (58.3%), CD4 HGNC+T in 28 cases (77.8%), CD8 HGNC+T in 17 cases (47.2%), and CD4 HGNC+/ CD8 HGNC+ inverse in 6 cases (16.7%). (4) The prealbumin, CD3 T cells, CD4 HGNC T cells and CD8 HGNC T cells in the new coronavirus pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group, and the hypersensitive c-reactive protein HGNC was higher than that in the normal control group. (5) The levels of PAB in the serum of the patients were linearly correlated with hs-crp, CD3 T cells, CD4 HGNC T cells and CD8 HGNC T cells, and the correlation coefficients were -0.474, 0.558, 0.467 and 0.613, respectively, showing statistical differences. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming are different from those in Wuhan. The changes of serum proalbumin and T cell subsets are relatively obvious. Changes in serum proalbumin may contribute to the early warning of novel coronavirus pneumonia. The nutritional status of patients with common and mild pneumonia should be considered.

The sudden increase of COVID-19 MESHD cases is putting a high pressure on healthcare services worldwide. At the current stage, fast, accurate and early clinical assessment of the disease severity is vital. To support decision making and logistical planning in healthcare systems, this study leverages a database of blood samples from 404 infected patients in the region of Wuhan, China to identify crucial predictive biomarkers of disease severity. For this purpose, machine learning tools selected three biomarkers that predict the survival of individual patients with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein HGNC (hs-CRP). In particular, relatively high levels of LDH alone seem to play a crucial role in distinguishing the vast majority of cases that require immediate medical attention. This finding is consistent with current medical knowledge that high LDH levels are associated with tissue breakdown occurring in various diseases, including pulmonary disorders MESHD such as pneumonia MESHD. Overall, this paper suggests a simple and operable formula to quickly predict patients at the highest risk, allowing them to be prioritised and potentially reducing the mortality rate.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 has caused a series of COVID-19 MESHD globally. SARS-CoV-2 binds angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 HGNC ( ACE2 HGNC) of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and causes prevalent hypokalemia MESHD METHODS: The patients with COVID-19 MESHD were classified into severe hypokalemia MESHD, hypokalemia MESHD, and normokalemia group. The study aimed to determine the relationship between hypokalemia MESHD and clinical features, the underlying causes and clinical implications of hypokalemia MESHD. RESULTS: By Feb 15, 2020, 175 patients with COVID-19 MESHD (92 women and 83 men; median age, 46 [IQR, 34-54] years) were admitted to hospital in Wenzhou, China, consisting 39 severe hypokalemia MESHD-, 69 hypokalemia MESHD-, and 67 normokalemia patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms were not associated with hypokalemia MESHD among 108 hypokalemia MESHD patients (P>0.05). Body temperature, CK, CK-MB, LDH, and CRP HGNC were significantly associated with the severity of hypokalemia MESHD (P<0.01). 93% of severe and critically ill MESHD patients had hypokalemia MESHD which was most common among elevated CK, CK-MB, LDH, and CRP HGNC. Urine K+ loss was the primary cause of hypokalemia MESHD. severe hypokalemia MESHD patients was given 3 g/day, adding up to an average of 34 (SD=4) g potassium during hospital stay. The exciting finding was that patients responded well to K+ supplements when they were inclined to recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Hypokalemia MESHD is prevailing in patients with COVID-19 MESHD. The correction of hypokalemia MESHD is challenging because of continuous renal K+ loss resulting from the degradation of ACE2 HGNC. The end of urine K+ loss indicates a good prognosis and may be a reliable, in-time, and sensitive biomarker directly reflecting the end of adverse effect on RAS system.

Background: Since December 2019, a novel c oronavirus pneumonia MESHD( COVID-19 MESHD) rapidly spread in China, reached multiple continents currently.We aimed to reveal the infectious characteristics of COVID-19 MESHD that provide more information for the research of novel coronavirus. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on the clinical characteristics of 128 COVID-19 MESHD cases with laboratory-confirmed from Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital during January 2020 to 16 February 2020.Results: Female patients account for 53.1%. The aged below 20 years that accounts for 1.6% of overall patients. The aged in 21~50, 51~65, over 66 years were accounts for 44.5%, 35.1%,18.8%, respectively. In the difference age spectrum, all severe groups compared with non-severe groups were difference significantly ( P < 0.01 ). F ever MESHD( 89.8% ) and Cough ( 67.2% ) were common clinical symptoms. The rate of patients with sore throats (14.1%) was rare. The rate of chest computed tomography scan showing ground glass opacity in overall, non-severe, severe groups were 63.3%, 60.7%, 76.2%, respectively. White blood cell counts in the normal range of overall patients, but severe group patients were increased significantly ( P < 0.01). Lymphocytes of overall patients were decreased. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (A ST) HGNC in the normal range of overall patients, but its were elevated in the severe group. Creatinine (CR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of overall patients in the normal range. C -reactive protein HGNC(C RP) HGNC level of all patients were increased markedly, but it in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the non-severe group ( P < 0.01 ).Conclusions: Our data provide more information that advanced age, lower lymphocytes levels at the diagnosed COVID-19 MESHD patients may be a risk factor for unfavourable prognosis. The white blood cells and C -reactive protein HGNClevel elevated in severe COVID-19 MESHD patients may be accompanying b acterial infection. MESHD 2019-nCov may be carries a risk factor of i mpaired liver and kidney function. MESHD

Aim: The new coronavirus pneumonia MESHD ( COVID-19 MESHD) outbreaking at the end of 2019 is highly contagious. Crude mortality rate reached 49% in critical patients. Inflammation matters MESHD on disease progression. This study analyzed blood inflammation MESHD indicators among mild, severe and critical patients, helping to identify severe or critical patients early. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients were included and divided to mild, severe or critical groups. Correlation of peripheral blood inflammation MESHD-related indicators with disease criticality was analyzed. Cut-off values for critically ill MESHD patients were speculated through the ROC curve. ResultsSignificantly, disease severity were associated with age (R=-0.564, P<0.001), interleukin-2 receptor ( IL2R HGNC) (R=-0.534, P<0.001), interleukin-6 HGNC ( IL-6 HGNC) (R=-0.535, P<0.001), interleukin-8 HGNC ( IL-8 HGNC) (R=-0.308, P<0.001), interleukin-10 HGNC ( IL-10 HGNC) (R=-0.422, P<0.001), tumor MESHD tumor HGNC necrosis MESHD factor ( TNF HGNC) (R=-0.322, P<0.001), C-reactive protein HGNC ( CRP HGNC) (R=-0.604, P<0.001), ferroprotein (R=-0.508, P<0.001), procalcitonin (R=-0.650, P<0.001), white cell counts (WBC) (R=-0.54, P<0.001), lymphocyte counts (LC) (R=-0.56, P<0.001), neutrophil count (NC) (R=-0.585, P<0.001) and eosinophil counts (EC) (R=-0.299, P=0.01). ConclusionWith following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R HGNC >793.5U/mL, CRP HGNC >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >2252g/L, WBC>9.5*10^9/L or NC >7.305*10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 MESHD to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. Inflammation is closely related to severity of COVID-19 MESHD, and IL-6 HGNC, TNF HGNC and IL-8 HGNC might be promising therapeutic targets.

Background: A large-scale global outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 MESHD ( COVID-19 MESHD) out of Wuhan, from China, occurred in January 2020. Objective: To examine the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 MESHDin infected patients out of Wuhan, from China. Patients and Methods: Thirteen patients were confirmed to be infected with novel coronavirus-2019 (2019-nCoV) between January 27andFebruary 8, 2020, in Baoji city, Shanxi, northwestern China. Epidemiological and clinical information, and computed to morphology imaging data from all COVID-19 MESHD patients were collected; cases were divided into two groups according to the severity of infection (mild or severe). Results: Nine (9/13) COVID-19 MESHDpatientsexhibitedmild disease severity, and defined as second-generation, human-to-human transmission cases. Most patients (11/13) had a history of travel to or from Wuhan. There were no differences in sex and age between the mild and severe cases (all P>0.05). A moderate degree of fever (11/13), cough (13/13), and fatigue (8/13) were common symptoms; however, there was no statistical difference between mild and severe cases in this regard (all P>0.05). Oxyhemoglobin saturation and oxygenation index decreased, and C-reactive protein HGNC ( CRP HGNC) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels were elevated in all patients with COVID-19 MESHDinfection, with statistically significant differences between those with severe disease and mild infection (all P<0.05).Twelve of 13 COVID-19 MESHDpatients exhibited changes in chest CT imaging features, and time course changes were different between mild and severe cases (all P<0.05).Conclusion: Most cases of COVID-19 MESHDinfection were second-generation human-to-human transmissions from Wuhan and were mild in severity. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 MESHDvaried.Oxyhemoglobin saturation, oxygenation index, CRP HGNC and SAA levels, and CT features were reliable parameters to evaluate the severity of COVID-19 MESHD infection. However, a few patients with mild COVID-19 MESHDdiseaselackedtypicalcharacteristics such as fever and changes in CT imaging features.

Summary Background The pneumonia MESHD caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease MESHD, which was occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. As of February 13, 2020, a total of 59883 cases of COVID-19 MESHD in China have been confirmed and 1368 patients have died from the disease. However, the clinical characteristics of the dyed patients were still not clearly clarified. This study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics of death cases with COVID-19 MESHD and to identify critically ill patients of COVID-19 MESHD early and reduce their mortality. Methods The clinical records, laboratory findings and radiologic assessments included chest X-ray or computed tomography were extracted from electronic medical records of 25 died patients with COVID-19 MESHD in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 14 to Feb 13, 2020. Two experienced clinicians reviewed and abstracted the data. Findings The mean age of the dead was 71.48 years, the average course of the disease was 10.56 days, all patients eventually died of respiratory failure MESHD. All of those who died had underlying diseases, the most common of which was hypertension MESHD (16/25, 64%), followed by diabetes MESHD (10/25, 40%), heart diseases MESHD (8/25, 32%), kidney diseases MESHD (5/25, 20%), cerebral infarction MESHD (4/25, 16%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease MESHD ( COPD MESHD, 2/25, 8%), malignant tumors MESHD (2/25, 8%) and acute pancreatitis MESHD (1/25, 4%). The most common organ damage outside the lungs was the heart, followed by kidney and liver. In the patients' last examination before death MESHD, white blood cell and neutrophil counts were elevated in 17 patients (17/25, 68%) and 18 patients (18/25, 72%), lymphocyte counts were decreased in 22 patients (22/25, 88%). Most patients' PCT HGNC, CRP HGNC and SAA levels were elevated, the percentages were 90.5% (19/21), 85% (19/20) and 100% (21/21) respectively. The levels of the last test of neutrophils (15/16, 93.8%), PCT HGNC (11/11, 100%), CRP HGNC (11/13, 84.6%), cTnI HGNC (8/9, 88.9%), D-Dimer (11/12, 91.6%) and LDH (9/9, 100%) were increased as compared to the first test, while the levels of lymphocytes were decreased (14/16, 87.5%). Interpretation The age and underlying diseases ( hypertension MESHD, diabetes MESHD, etc.) were the most important risk factors for death of COVID-19 MESHD pneumonia MESHD. Bacterial infections may play an important role in promoting the death of patients. Malnutrition MESHD was common to severe patients. Multiple organ dysfunction can be observed, the most common organ damage was lung, followed by heart, kidney and liver. The rising of neutrophils, SAA, PCT HGNC, CRP HGNC, cTnI HGNC, D-Dimer and LDH levels can be used as indicators of disease progression, as well as the decline of lymphocytes counts.